A presentation is a means of communication that can be adapted to various speaking situations,such as talking to a group,addressing a meeting or briefing a team.
演讲是一种沟通方式，可以适应各种演讲情况，例如与小组交谈，在会议上发言或向团队介绍情况。
Situations
演讲的主要作用
talking to a group addressing a meeting or briefing a team ...
Assessment criteria
评价标准
verbal(语言) non-verbal(非语言) visual aids（视觉辅助） content(内容)
Type of presentation
展示的类型
Type one:informative speech(信息型演讲) Type two:persuasive speech(说服性演讲) Type there:special occasion speech(特殊场合演讲)
Type one:（为主）
About objects:to inform something that is visible and tangible by giving thick description or representations
一、关于对象：通过提供详细的描述或表示来告知可见和有形的东西
About processes:to describe the series of steps that lead to a finished product or end result.
二、关于过程：描述导致成品或最终结果的一系列步骤
About events:to approach an event from ang angle such as the history,features,benefits or future development
三、关于历史：从历史、特征、利益或未来发展的角度来看待事情
About concept:to explain abstract or complex ideas or theories and attempt make them concrete and understandable to...
四、关于概念：解释抽象或复杂的概念或理论，并试图使其具体且易懂
Body structure
演讲的大致结构类型
I (main point1)
A(sub-point1)
supporting detail 1
supporting detail 2
B(sub-point2)
supporting detail 1
supporting detail 2
II main point2
A(sub-point1)
supporting detail 1
supporting detail 2
B(sub-point2)
supporting detail 1
supporting detail 2
Organization of a speech:Introduction
演讲的引言
the introduction usually contain the following elements
Attention getter:intends to engage the audience's attention and interest.(指在吸引人的注意力) Establishment of credibility(建立可靠性):to speaker gains the audience's trust by making himself as qualified to speak on the topic.(演讲者通过使自己有资格就主题发言来赢得听众的信任) Thesis statement/main purpose:the central idea of a speech .It's expressed in a full sentence.(演讲的中心思想是可以用一个完整的句子来表达的) A preview of the main points:give audience a smooth lead-in to the speech.(给听众一个流畅的演讲开场白，最好是让你的听众知道你想说的论点，让他们都有一个清晰的思路。)
Connectives
一些连接词
Transion(过渡) just now I've talked about the...Next I'll disscuss its disadvantages or limitations
Internal perviews（内部预演）
Here I will introduce the...I will first briefly review...and then talk about.... Internal summaries:So far we've looked at...[Now let's see]... Signposts（标志牌） The first benefit of ...the second benefit is ...the thrid benefit is...
The structure of a speech:conclusion
演讲的结论部分
A singal of the end:let the audience know that the speaker is about to finish specking(结束语：让听众知道演讲者即将结束演讲) Reinforcement of the central idea:by review the topic or the main purpose and/or restate the thesis and the main points(强化中心思想：通过回顾主题或主要的目的或重申论点和要点) closing remarks:refer back to the introduction/topic,or ask the audience to take action(回到引言或主题，或与观众进行互动)
Language:functional expressions used in speech
Some Expressions
从开场一直到结束中间可能会用到的一些表达
Handing questions
处理提问
At the end of my talk,there will be a chance to ask questions（演讲结束的时候，我将有机会提问） I'll be happy to answer any questions you have at the end of my presentation.(我很乐意在演讲结束时回答您的任何问题)
Visual aids
视觉辅助工具
As you can see here... Here we can see... If you look at this slide... This slide shows... If you look at the screen,you'll see... This table/diagram/chart/slide shows... I'd like you to look at this... Let's me show you... Let's（have）a look at... On the right/left you can see...
Transitions
转折/过渡/状态转移
Let's now move on to/turn to... This leads/brings me to my next points,which is... I'd now like to move on to/turn to... So far we have looked at...Now I'd like to...
Referring to visuals
图表资料
Looking at the chart you can see.../As you can see from the graph,...The graph/chart shows...
Checking understanding
检查是否听懂
Is that chear?/Are there any questions?
Speaker's attitude
演讲者的态度/看法
I believe/think that.../It seems to me that.../ The point I'm trying to make here is...
Referring to common knowledges
参考资料
As you know... As I'm sure you are aware... It's commonly that.../
Dealing with questions
处理问题
That's a good point... Can we get back to it later? I'm afraid I'm not the right person to answer this question.
Ending the presentation
结束演讲
So,to sum up...in conclusion(we can say that)... If you have any questions,I'll be pleased to answer them...
