A presentation is a means of communication that can be adapted to various speaking situations,such as talking to a group,addressing a meeting or briefing a team.
演讲是一种沟通方式，可以适应各种演讲情况，例如与小组交谈，在会议上发言或向团队介绍情况。
Situations
演讲的主要作用
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talking to a group -
addressing a meeting or briefing a team -
...
Assessment criteria
评价标准
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verbal(语言) -
non-verbal(非语言) -
visual aids（视觉辅助） -
content(内容)
Type of presentation
展示的类型
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Type one:informative speech(信息型演讲) -
Type two:persuasive speech(说服性演讲) -
Type there:special occasion speech(特殊场合演讲)
Type one:（为主）
About objects:to inform something that is visible and tangible by giving thick description or representations
一、关于对象：通过提供详细的描述或表示来告知可见和有形的东西
About processes:to describe the series of steps that lead to a finished product or end result.
二、关于过程：描述导致成品或最终结果的一系列步骤
About events:to approach an event from ang angle such as the history,features,benefits or future development
三、关于历史：从历史、特征、利益或未来发展的角度来看待事情
About concept:to explain abstract or complex ideas or theories and attempt make them concrete and understandable to...
四、关于概念：解释抽象或复杂的概念或理论，并试图使其具体且易懂
Body structure
演讲的大致结构类型
I (main point1)
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A(sub-point1)
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supporting detail 1
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supporting detail 2
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B(sub-point2)
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supporting detail 1
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supporting detail 2
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II main point2
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A(sub-point1)
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supporting detail 1
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supporting detail 2
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B(sub-point2)
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supporting detail 1
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supporting detail 2
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Organization of a speech:Introduction
演讲的引言
the introduction usually contain the following elements
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Attention getter:intends to engage the audience's attention and interest.(指在吸引人的注意力) -
Establishment of credibility(建立可靠性):to speaker gains the audience's trust by making himself as qualified to speak on the topic.(演讲者通过使自己有资格就主题发言来赢得听众的信任) -
Thesis statement/main purpose:the central idea of a speech .It's expressed in a full sentence.(演讲的中心思想是可以用一个完整的句子来表达的) -
A preview of the main points:give audience a smooth lead-in to the speech.(给听众一个流畅的演讲开场白，最好是让你的听众知道你想说的论点，让他们都有一个清晰的思路。)
Connectives
一些连接词
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Transion(过渡) -
just now I've talked about the...Next I'll disscuss its disadvantages or limitations
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Internal perviews（内部预演）
Here I will introduce the...I will first briefly review...and then talk about.... Internal summaries:So far we've looked at...[Now let's see]... Signposts（标志牌） The first benefit of ...the second benefit is ...the thrid benefit is...
The structure of a speech:conclusion
演讲的结论部分
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A singal of the end:let the audience know that the speaker is about to finish specking(结束语：让听众知道演讲者即将结束演讲) -
Reinforcement of the central idea:by review the topic or the main purpose and/or restate the thesis and the main points(强化中心思想：通过回顾主题或主要的目的或重申论点和要点) -
closing remarks:refer back to the introduction/topic,or ask the audience to take action(回到引言或主题，或与观众进行互动)
Language:functional expressions used in speech
Some Expressions
从开场一直到结束中间可能会用到的一些表达
Handing questions
处理提问
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At the end of my talk,there will be a chance to ask questions（演讲结束的时候，我将有机会提问） -
I'll be happy to answer any questions you have at the end of my presentation.(我很乐意在演讲结束时回答您的任何问题)
Visual aids
视觉辅助工具
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As you can see here... -
Here we can see... -
If you look at this slide... -
This slide shows... -
If you look at the screen,you'll see... -
This table/diagram/chart/slide shows... -
I'd like you to look at this... -
Let's me show you... -
Let's（have）a look at... -
On the right/left you can see...
Transitions
转折/过渡/状态转移
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Let's now move on to/turn to... -
This leads/brings me to my next points,which is... -
I'd now like to move on to/turn to... -
So far we have looked at...Now I'd like to...
Referring to visuals
图表资料
Looking at the chart you can see.../As you can see from the graph,...The graph/chart shows...
Checking understanding
检查是否听懂
Is that chear?/Are there any questions?
Speaker's attitude
演讲者的态度/看法
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I believe/think that.../It seems to me that.../ -
The point I'm trying to make here is...
Referring to common knowledges
参考资料
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As you know... -
As I'm sure you are aware... -
It's commonly that.../
Dealing with questions
处理问题
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That's a good point... -
Can we get back to it later? -
I'm afraid I'm not the right person to answer this question.
Ending the presentation
结束演讲
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So,to sum up...in conclusion(we can say that)... -
If you have any questions,I'll be pleased to answer them...
